They’re in their twenties, thirties with college degrees and they are desperate to make ends meet. They are the citizens of a country whose leader ascended to power circa four years ago promising prosperity for and to everyone where the here and now is anything but. They are prospective mercenaries but the would be earned money is not for them but for their loved ones for the chances to make it back intact is slim to none. That is the cruel reality of war—war which is oceans and terrains away from home in an alien territories.
They are sophisticated enough to reflect upon their lives where any academic or school of thought scrambles to put their predicament in a context.
Enter “Anomie”: With in the Marxist tradition, alienation is a result when otherwise able citizens are left behind when the forces and means of production are owned by the wealthy few but with in the sociological narrative, particularly of classical sociology, certain segment of the society are left behind when a rapid social change takes place. And it is invariably known as “Anomie” where the classical sociologist Emile Durkheim is credited for the term. One however gets desperate to put the political, economic and recently societal meltdown in Abiy’s Ethiopia in a proper academic context so that one can have an objective reading of it. Precisely because not only the entire system is rotten top to bottom but built on the caricature of “Prosperity Theology” where it is neither a prosperity nor a theology but a chimera or a quasi-political Frankenstein if you will.
The mostly young men who are being lured to enlist for mercenary have given up on the false promises Abiy had pitched when he came to power almost four years ago. Instead, they have sunk into an abject homelessness when the basic necessities of life are beyond their reach. In the meantime, Abiy goes on to recommend—reducing family size, supplanting the common staple foods with bananas and salted-water vegetables. The bleak economic reality is accentuated with in the backdrop of the ethnic conflicts engulfing the country not to mention when the regime in cahoots with foreign forces is soaked in blood when it committed genocide particularly in Tigray.
Perhaps the most pressing question that begs for serious consideration is that—can the country actually sustain as a viable polity even if Abiy Ahmed is removed from power? I can not pretend much less to have the answer for the otherwise difficult question but well cited and respected scholars have expressed their doubts to the extent of comparing the dire political reality with the former Yugoslavia where the similarities include the ending as well. Michael Rubin, the resident scholar with the American Enterprise Institute argues if Abiy Ahmed has already cemented the end of Ethiopia’s unity, for instance. The argument has a validity where the nation tied its unity first through a convention rooted in mythology and later through the complimentary torque between the Crown and the Orthodox Church which ended in 1974. The military junta which took over power afterwards gained legitimacy through a brute force and a political wing based on imported Socialism and home grown Nationalism as well. The King’s and the Dergue’s prescription couldn’t address the real question, however, much less to find a real solution that can sustain the nation in an uninterrupted trajectory.
The reason being, the national question was never addressed for it was the crux of the matter that had been overlooked for a reason known to the last King and the Dergue till EPRDF came to power breathing-in and out just that and for a good reason I might add. I don’t intend to bore the reader with the detailed nuances of the national question but when it was identified as the real deal, the prescription for it was agreed upon Ethnic based Federalism. And it worked for almost three decades till the political institutions and the Party itself that had brought it to life started to fall from with in. As such, the dire reality the country finds itself in is not caused by the inherent nature of the Constitution but by lack of political will and sagacity where the political, economic and social institutions can not function effectively from without. That said, as Michael Rubin and others had argued, the only guarantor is the current Constitution with few amendments, if not any alternative to it would be desolation of the country as a nation-state where the disgruntled and desperate youth at the gates of embassies in the capital is not the real cause but a symptom of a failing nation.